In many biological systems, natural selection acts simultaneously on multiple levels of
organization. This scenario typically presents an evolutionary conflict between the incentive …

Biological and social systems are structured at multiple scales, and the incentives of
individuals who interact in a group may diverge from the collective incentive of the group as …

The evolution of unicellular to multicellular life is considered to be an important step in the
origin of life, and it is crucial to study the influence of environmental factors on this process …

Without heritable variation, natural selection cannot effect evolutionary change. In the case
of group selection, there must be variation in the population of groups. Where does this …

Two mechanisms that have been used to study the evolution of cooperative behavior are
altruistic punishment, in which cooperative individuals pay additional costs to punish …

In the study of the evolution of cooperation, many mechanisms have been proposed to help
overcome the self-interested cheating that is individually optimal in the Prisoners' Dilemma …