Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are key sensors of virus
infection, mediating the transcriptional induction of type I interferons and other genes that …

RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated
protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of …

Pathogen-derived nucleic acids are crucial signals for innate immunity. Despite the
structural similarity between those and host nucleic acids, mammalian cells have been able …

Innate immunity against pathogens relies on an array of immune receptors to detect
molecular patterns that are characteristic of the pathogens, including receptors that are …

All lifeforms have developed highly sophisticated systems equipped to detect altered self
and non-self nucleic acids (NA). In vertebrates, NA-sensing receptors safeguard the integrity …

Cells are equipped with mechanisms that allow them to rapidly detect and respond to
viruses. These defense mechanisms rely partly on receptors that monitor the cytosol for the …

Abstract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS) are the most severe coronavirus (CoV)-associated diseases in humans …

Most organisms rely on innate immune receptors to recognize conserved molecular
structures from invading microbes. Two essential innate immune receptors, RIG-I and MDA5 …

The 5′ m7G cap is an evolutionarily conserved modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Decades
of research have established that the m7G cap serves as a unique molecular module that …

MDA5, a viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) receptor, shares sequence similarity and
signaling pathways with RIG-I yet plays essential functions in antiviral immunity through …