OBJECTIVE: To synthesize results of observational studies examining parenting behavior
and early childhood language in typically developing samples. DATA SOURCES: Searches …

It has been argued that children who possess an advanced theory of mind (ToM) are more
likely to act prosocially, yet the empirical findings are mixed. To address this issue …

What role does socialization play in the origins of prosocial behavior? We examined one
potential socialization mechanism–parents' discourse about others' emotions with very …

The study explored how the meaning of prosocial behavior changes over toddlerhood. Sixty‐
five 18‐and 30‐month‐olds could help an adult in 3 contexts: instrumental (action based) …

This continuation of a previous study (Taumoepeau & Ruffman, 2006) examined the
longitudinal relation between maternal mental state talk to 15‐and 24‐month‐olds and their …

This study assessed the relation between mother mental state language and child desire
language and emotion understanding in 15–24‐month‐olds. At both time points, mothers …

Data were collected when children were 42, 54, and 72 months of age (N s= 210, 191, and
172 for T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Children's emotion understanding (EU) and theory of …

Though there is empirical support for the relation between parents' mental state talk to
children and children's social understanding, including false belief understanding (FBU) and …

This paper presents a selective review of the literature addressing the influence of young
children's conversational environments and interactions on their psychological …

This chapter is concerned with the unique qualities that develop to distinguish the individual
child from others, the qualities that contribute to the growth of personality. The goal is to …