A biomarker can be a substance or structure measured in body parts, fluids or products that
can affect or predict disease incidence. As age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the …

Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main socioeconomical health issues
worldwide. AMD has a multifactorial etiology with a variety of risk factors. Smoking is the …

PURPOSE Accurate genotyping of individuals with inherited retinal diseases (IRD) is
essential for patient management and identifying suitable candidates for gene therapies …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a group of inherited disorders in which abnormalities of
the photoreceptors (rods and cones) of the retina lead to progressive visual loss. RP is …

Significant discoveries in the etiology and pathogenesis of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs)
have been made in the last few decades. Of the large number genes that cause IRDs, bi …

Vision screening for children is an evaluation to detect reduced visual acuity or risk factors
that threaten the healthy growth and development of the eye and visual system. Vision …

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to therapeutic use of glucocorticoids is called
steroid-induced ocular hypertension (SIOH); this can lead to steroid-induced glaucoma …

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a diverse group of degenerative diseases of the retina
that can lead to significant reduction in vision and blindness. Because of the considerable …

Vision screening for children is an evaluation to detect reduced visual acuity or risk factors
that threaten the healthy growth and development of the eye and visual system. Vision …

Glaucoma is defined by characteristic optic nerve damage and corresponding visual field
defects and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Elevated intraocular …