Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of
sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the …

Osteoporosis is a bone disorder with remarkable changes in bone biologic material and
consequent bone structural distraction, affecting millions of people around the world from …

Macrophages are very important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The
increase in the number of sublining macrophages in the synovium is an early hallmark of …

Activation of fibroblasts is a key event during normal tissue repair after injury and the
dysregulated repair processes that result in organ fibrosis. To most researchers, fibroblasts …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in the treatment of patients with advanced
cancer and have emerged as a pillar of standard cancer care. However, their use is …

A large number of cytokines are active in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
It is now clear that these cytokines play a fundamental role in the processes that cause …

▪ Abstract Analysis of cytokine mRNA and protein in rheumatoid arthritis tissue revealed that
many proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, GM-CSF, and chemokines such …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation
in joints, associated with synovial hyperplasia and with bone and cartilage destruction …

Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by pain, swelling, and destruction of joints, with
resultant disability. Only disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs can interfere with the …

Recent years have seen considerable advances in our understanding of both the clinical
and basic-research aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical progress has come from a better …