Despite long-standing interest in the role of sex on human development, the functional
consequences of fetal sex on early development are not well-understood. Here we explore …

This paper gives an overview of time series ideas and methods used in public health and
biomedical research. A time series is a sequence of observations made over time. Examples …

Maternal prenatal stress influences offspring neurodevelopment and birth outcomes
including the ratio of males to females born; however, there is limited understanding of what …

Fetal neurobehavioral development was modeled longitudinally using data collected at
weekly intervals from 24 to 38 weeks gestation in a sample of 112 healthy pregnancies …

Stability in cardiac indicators before birth and their utility in predicting variation in postnatal
development were examined. Fetal heart rate and variability were measured longitudinally …

Serial neonatal and infant electroencephalographic (EEG)–polysomnographic studies
document the ontogeny of cerebral and noncerebral physiologic behaviors based on visual …

BACKGROUND: It is suspected that there is a continuum of impairment among prenatally
drug-exposed infants, such that opioid and/or poly-drug exposure confers the highest risk for …

In August 2007, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development, the National Institutes of Health Office of Rare Diseases, the American …

Prenatal maternal distress is associated with an at‐risk developmental profile, yet there is
little fetal evidence of this putative in utero process. Moreover, the biological transmission for …

The enigmatic quality of the maternal–fetal relationship has been extolled throughout history
with little empirical support. We apply time series analysis to data for 137 maternal–fetal …