The root nodule symbiosis established between legumes and rhizobia is an exquisite
biological interaction responsible for fixing a significant amount of nitrogen in terrestrial …

Mutualisms teeter on a knife-edge between conflict and cooperation, or so the conventional
wisdom goes. The costs and benefits of mutualism often depend on the abiotic or biotic …

Advances in microbiome science require a better understanding of how beneficial microbes
adapt to hosts. We tested whether hosts select for more-cooperative microbial strains with a …

Background Understanding the genetic and environmental factors that structure plant
microbiomes is necessary for leveraging these interactions to address critical needs in …

In legume-Rhizobium symbioses, specialised soil bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen in return
for carbon. However, ineffective strains can arise, making discrimination essential …

Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legume plants.
As horizontally transmitted symbionts, the life cycle of rhizobia includes a free-living phase in …

Rhizobia are α-and β-proteobacteria that form a symbiotic partnership with legumes, fixing
atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonia and providing it to the plant. Oxygen regulation is key in …

Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain PS3, a phototrophic bacterium, was originally isolated
from a paddy field located in Taipei city, Taiwan, and showed positive effects on the growth …

For a mutualism to remain evolutionarily stable, theory predicts that mutualists should limit
their associations to high‐quality partners. However, most mutualists either simultaneously …

Aim Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) are partners in a globally distributed tree symbiosis
implicated in most major ecosystem functions. However, resilience of ECMF to future …