For many years immunologists have been well served by the viewpoint that the immune
system's primary goal is to discriminate between self and non-self. I believe that it is time to …

T cell anergy is a tolerance mechanism in which the lymphocyte is intrinsically functionally
inactivated following an antigen encounter, but remains alive for an extended period of time …

We report the isolation of b&x, a b&2-related gene that can function as a bcl-24ndependent
regulator of programed ceil death (apoptosis). Alternative splicing results in two distinct b&x …

Fas ligand (FasL), a cell surface molecule belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family,
binds to its receptor Fas, thus inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing cells. Various cells express …

Tumors can avoid immune surveillance by stimulating immune inhibitory receptors that
function to turn off established immune responses. By blocking the ability of tumors to …

The immune system can remember, sometimes for a lifetime, the identity of a pathogen.
Understanding how this is accomplished has fascinated immunologists and microbiologists …

VIRUSES that are non-or poorly cytopathic have developed various strategies to avoid
elimination by the immune system and to persist in the host1–3. Acute infection of adult mice …

It has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induce T cells to become
unresponsive. We characterized the phenotype of these T cells by dissecting the effect of …

Approximately 5% of the world population is infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that
causes a necroinflammatory liver disease of variable duration and severity. Chronically …

Neonatal thymectomy (NTx), especially around day 3 after birth, causes various organ-
specific autoimmune diseases in mice. This report shows that:(a) T cells expressing the …