Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also called tumor-initiating cells (TICs), have been studied
intensively due to their rapid proliferation, migration, and role in the recurrence of cancer. In …

The field of RNA nanotechnology has advanced rapidly during the past decade. A variety of
programmable RNA nanoparticles with defined shape, size, and stoichiometry have been …

Abstract Development of therapeutic resistance and metastasis is a major challenge with
current breast cancer (BC) therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that a subpopulation of …

Aptamers are a class of small nucleic acid ligands that are composed of RNA or single-
stranded DNA oligonucleotides and have high specificity and affinity for their targets. Similar …

Targeted exosomal delivery systems for precision nanomedicine attract wide interest across
areas of molecular cell biology, pharmaceutical sciences, and nanoengineering. Exosomes …

Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of cancer deaths. The unique challenges for
treating metastases include their small size, high multiplicity and dispersion to diverse organ …

(2009À2010), thefield of aptamer research has continuously generated lots of interest in the
scientific community. Aptamers, first reported by three groups independently in 1990, 1À3 …

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in most solid cancers and is an
ideal antigen for clinical applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, imaging, and therapy …

Aptamers have come in the spotlight as bio-mimetic molecular recognition elements in the
field of biomedicine due to various applications in diagnostics, drug delivery, therapeutics …

Breast carcinomas repeat their number and grow exponentially making it extremely frequent
malignancy among women. Approximately, 70–80% of early diagnosed or non-metastatic …