Breathing movements in mammals are driven by rhythmic neural activity generated within
spatially and functionally organized brainstem neural circuits comprising the respiratory …

Pontine respiratory nuclei provide synaptic input to medullary rhythmogenic circuits to shape
and adapt the breathing pattern. An understanding of this statement depends on …

The preBötzinger Complex (preBötC), a medullary network critical for breathing, relies on
excitatory interneurons to generate the inspiratory rhythm. Yet, half of preBötC neurons are …

Neural circuits controlling breathing in mammals are organized within serially arrayed and
functionally interacting brainstem compartments extending from the pons to the lower …

Breathing is vital and must be concurrently robust and flexible. This rhythmic behavior is
generated and maintained within a rostrocaudally aligned set of medullary nuclei called the …

Breathing occurs without thought but is controlled by a complex neural network with a final
output of phrenic motor neurons activating diaphragm muscle fibers (ie, motor units). This …

The circuit organization within the mammalian brainstem respiratory network, specifically
within and between the pre-Bötzinger (pre-BötC) and Bötzinger (BötC) complexes, and the …

The respiratory rhythm and motor pattern are hypothesized to be generated by a brain stem
respiratory network with a rhythmogenic core consisting of neural populations interacting …

Symmorphosis is a concept of economy of biological design, whereby structural properties
are matched to functional demands. According to symmorphosis, biological structures are …

The ongoing process of breathing underlies the gas exchange essential for mammalian life.
Each respiratory cycle ensues from the activity of rhythmic neural circuits in the brainstem …