Depending on their physiology and metabolism, bacteria can carry out diverse redox
processes for energy acquisition, which facilitates adaptation to environmental or host …

Highlights•Cyclic dinucleotide and trinucleotide second messengers are utilized by bacteria
to sense and adapt to their environment.•3′–5′, 3′–5′ cyclic di-GMP regulates …

Electrically conductive appendages from the anaerobic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens
were first observed two decades ago, with genetic and biochemical data suggesting that …

Metal-reducing bacteria direct electrons to their outer surfaces, where insoluble metal oxides
or electrodes act as terminal electron acceptors, generating electrical current from anaerobic …

Geobacter and Shewanella spp. were discovered in late 1980's as dissimilatory metal-
reducing microorganisms that can transfer electrons from cytoplasmic respiratory oxidation …

The bioreduction capacity of Cr (VI) by Shewanella is mainly governed by its bidirectional
extracellular electron transfer (EET). However, the low bidirectional EET efficiency restricts …

Microbes including bacteria are required to respond to their often continuously changing
ecological niches in order to survive. While many signaling molecules are produced as …

Exoelectrogens are distinct from other bacteria owing to their unique extracellular electron
transfer (EET) abilities that allow for anaerobic respiration with various external redox-active …

Reduction of extracellular acceptors requires electron transfer across the periplasm. In
Geobacter sulfurreducens, three separate cytoplasmic membrane cytochromes are utilized …

Bacterial second messengers are important for regulating diverse bacterial lifestyles. Cyclic
di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is produced by diguanylate cyclase enzymes, named GGDEF proteins …