Almost all heavy metals are serious toxicants as carcinogens. However, due to their
chemical and physiological properties, heavy metals are useful in industrial areas including …

Nickel is the most frequent cause of contact allergy worldwide and has been studied
extensively. This clinical review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology …

Nickel-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, with an emphasis on the generation and role of
reactive oxygen species is reviewed. Nickel is a known haematotoxic, immunotoxic …

Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hand eczema in the
general population. These studies are of high value as they tend to be less biased than …

The prevalence of metal allergy is high in the general population, and it is estimated that up
to 17% of women and 3% of men are allergic to nickel and that 1− 3% are allergic to cobalt …

The pacemaker cells of the heart initiate the heartbeat, sustain the circulation, and dictate
the rate and rhythm of cardiac contraction. Circulatory collapse ensues when these …

The transition metals nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) are common causes of
allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Given the high frequency with which these allergens can …

Abstract The Mexican wave, or La Ola, which rose to fame during the 1986 World Cup in
Mexico, surges through the rows of spectators in a stadium as those in one section leap to …

Metals play a vital role in human, animal and plant physiology, and important research, past
and ongoing, is directed towards exploring the interrelated mechanisms that govern their …

Background: The accuracy of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) nickel spot test has been
questioned because of false negative and positive test reactions. The EN 1811, a European …