Plaguing humans for more than two millennia, manifest on every continent studied, and with
more than one billion patients having an attack in any year, migraine stands as the sixth …

Delayed cerebral ischemia is a major predictor of poor outcomes in patients who suffer
subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment options are limited and often ineffective despite many …

Aging, hypertension, diabetes, hypoxia/obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, vitamin
B12/folate deficiency, depression, and traumatic brain injury synergistically promote diverse …

Spreading depression (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial
depolarization associated with massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It is …

A modern understanding of how cerebral cortical lesions develop after acute brain injury is
based on Aristides Leão's historic discoveries of spreading depression and asphyxial/anoxic …

Blood flow in the brain is regulated by neurons and astrocytes. Knowledge of how these
cells control blood flow is crucial for understanding how neural computation is powered, for …

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes the primary reason for mortality and
morbidity in persons worldwide below 45 years of age. 1.7 million Traumatic events occur …

Spreading depolarizations (SD) are waves of abrupt, near-complete breakdown of neuronal
transmembrane ion gradients, are the largest possible pathophysiologic disruption of viable …

The term spreading depolarization describes a wave in the gray matter of the central
nervous system characterized by swelling of neurons, distortion of dendritic spines, a large …

First introduced in the 1980s, laser speckle contrast imaging is a powerful tool for full-field
imaging of blood flow. Recently laser speckle contrast imaging has gained increased …