Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women. Approximately 70% of
breast tumors express the estrogen receptor (ER). Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) …

Understanding the mechanisms that control stress-induced survival is critical to explain how
tumors frequently resist to treatment and to improve current anti-cancer therapies. Cancer …

Ninety-seven percent of drug-indication pairs that are tested in clinical trials in oncology
never advance to receive US Food and Drug Administration approval. While lack of efficacy …

Tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand (TRAIL) therapy is anticipated to be
one of the most effective cancer treatments. However, resistance to TRAIL therapy remains a …

Approximately 70% cases of breast cancers exhibit high expression and activity levels of
estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a transcription regulator that induces the expression of …

Intrinsic or acquired resistance to the HER2-targeted therapy trastuzumab is a clinical
concern in the treatment of patients with HER2-over-expressing metastatic breast cancers …

Conventional mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members regulate diverse
cellular processes involved in tumor initiation and progression, yet the role of ERK5 in …

The breast carcinoma microenvironment strikingly influences cancer progression and
response to therapy. Various cell types in the carcinoma microenvironment show significant …

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is critical to phenotypic maintenance and transition
of human breast cancer cells. HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a long intergenic …

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women of reproductive age. In young
women, chemotherapy may induce amenorrhea: it is still uncertain how to assess …