The secondary wall is the main part of wood and is composed of cellulose, xylan, lignin, and
small amounts of structural proteins and enzymes. Lignin molecules can interact directly or …

Vascular tissues in plants are crucial to provide physical support and to transport water,
sugars and hormones and other small signalling molecules throughout the plant. Recent …

Trees represent the largest terrestrial carbon sink and a renewable source of ligno-cellulose.
There is significant scope for yield and quality improvement in these largely undomesticated …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a collective term for diverse processes causing an actively
induced, tightly controlled cellular suicide. PCD has a multitude of functions in the …

Highlights•Programmed cell death (PCD) is an integral part of plant development and
disease.•Developmental PCD (dPCD) is prepared during the cellular differentiation of …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental process of life. During the evolution of
multicellular organisms, the actively controlled demise of cells has been recruited to fulfil a …

Background The root cap is a plant organ that ensheathes the meristematic stem cells at the
root tip. Unlike other plant organs, the root cap shows a rapid cellular turnover, balancing …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a controlled mechanism that eliminates specific cells under
developmental or environmental stimuli. All organisms—from bacteria to multicellular …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental cellular process crucial to development,
homeostasis, and immunity in multicellular eukaryotes. In contrast to our knowledge on the …

It is noteworthy that the largest part of global vegetation biomass depends on a thin layer of
cells: the vascular cambium. Understanding the wood formation processes and relationships …