Damaged cells at risk of neoplastic transformation can be neutralized by apoptosis or
engagement of the senescence program, which induces permanent cell-cycle arrest and a …

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 pRB, the product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor …

Lung cancers are characterised by abundant genetic diversity with relatively few recurrent
mutations occurring at high frequency. However, the genetic alterations often affect a …

The complexity of tobacco smoke leads to some confusion about the mechanisms by which
it causes lung cancer. Among the multiple components of tobacco smoke, 20 carcinogens …

The papillomavirus family represents a remarkably heterogeneous group of viruses. At
present, 77 distinct genotypes have been identified in humans and partial sequences have …

Biologic machines need brakes, and the nature and fidelity of their operation cannot be
unraveled without some prior understanding of how accelerators work. The discoveD] of …

Cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) are critical regulators of cell cycle progression and RNA
transcription. A variety of genetic and epigenetic events cause universal overactivity of the …

Abstract p16INK4a, located on chromosome 9p21. 3, is lost among a cluster of neighboring
tumor suppressor genes. Although it is classically known for its capacity to inhibit cyclin …

Neoplastic cells simultaneously harbor widespread genomic hypomethylation, more
regional areas of hypermethylation, and increased DNA-methyltransferase (DNA-MTase) …

Recently it has been reported that mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal
growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene occur in a subset of patients with lung cancer showing a …