Flaviviruses are present on every continent and cause significant morbidity and mortality. In
many instances, severe cases of infection with flaviviruses involve the invasion of and …

Microbe-induced meningoencephalitis/meningitis is a life-threatening infection of the central
nervous system (CNS) that occurs when pathogens are able to cross the blood-brain barrier …

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a significant human pathogen that is commonly found
worldwide. CVB3 among other enteroviruses, are the leading causes of aseptic meningo …

Purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, malignant, primary brain tumor in adults,
characterized by limited treatment options, frequent relapse, and short survival after …

Communication between the immune and the nervous system is essential for human brain
development and homeostasis. Disruption of this intricately regulated crosstalk can lead to …

Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) remains a predominant cause of Japanese
encephalitis (JE) globally. Its infection is usually accompanied by disrupted blood‒brain …

The functional blood–brain barrier (BBB) model can provide a reliable tool for better
understanding BBB transport mechanisms and in vitro preclinical experimentation. However …

Viral aseptic meningitis is a neuroinflammatory condition that occurs when viruses gain
access to the central nervous system (CNS) and induce inflammation. The blood–brain …

Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) are the main component cells of the
blood–brain barrier (BBB) and play a crucial role in responding to viral infections to prevent …

Di (2-ethhylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a common plastic rubberizer. DEHP leaches from
plastic matrices and is under increasing scrutiny as numerous studies have linked it to …