The primary female sex hormones, estrogens, are responsible for the control of functions of
the female reproductive system, as well as the development of secondary sexual …

Obesity is a risk factor for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer after menopause.
The pro-proliferative effects of estrogens are well characterized and there is a growing body …

Background: Sex dimorphism strongly impacts tumor biology, with most cancers having a
male predominance. Uniquely, thyroid cancer (TC) is the only nonreproductive cancer with …

There is still an unresolved paradox with respect to the immunomodulating role of estrogens.
On one side, we recognize inhibition of bone resorption and suppression of inflammation in …

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are structurally different compounds that
interact with intracellular estrogen receptors in target organs as estrogen receptor agonists …

Steroid hormones exert profound effects on cell growth, development, differentiation, and
homeostasis. Their effects are mediated through specific intracellular steroid receptors that …

17β-Estradiol (E2) controls many aspects of human physiology, including development,
reproduction and homeostasis, through regulation of the transcriptional activity of its cognate …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) belong to a superfamily of
nuclear receptors called steroid hormone receptors, which, upon binding ligand, dimerize …

Upon binding their cognate receptors, ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2), estrogens activate
intracellular signaling cascades that have important consequences for cellular behavior …

A fraction of the nuclear estrogen receptor α (ERα) is localized to the plasma membrane
region of 17β-estradiol (E2) target cells. We previously reported that ERα is a palmitoylated …