The pace-of-life syndrome (ie, POLS) hypothesis posits that behavioral and physiological
traits mediate the trade-off between current and future reproduction. This hypothesis predicts …

Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) link toxicity across levels of biological organization, and
thereby facilitate the development of suborganismal responses predictive of whole …

As selection acts on multivariate phenotypes, the evolution of traits within populations not
only depends on the genetic basis of each trait, but also on the genetic relationships among …

Highlights•We examined associations between pace-of-life (POLS) traits in a marine
gastropod.•Boldness and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were found to be repeatable over …

Food availability and temperature influence energetics of animals and can alter behavioral
responses such as foraging and spontaneous activity. Food availability, however, is not …

Behavioral ecologists have assumed that animals will optimize behavior to match their
current situation, yet studies reveal limited behavioral flexibility and extensive variation …

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) is a framework that attempts to explain empirically
observed covariation between physiological, behavioral, and life history traits, whereby …

Abstract Changes in behaviour and physiology are the primary responses of fishes to
anthropogenic impacts such as climate change and over-fishing. Behavioural changes …

In recent years, the incorporation of lower levels of organization to the understanding of
population ecology, has led to an increase in interest for animal personality and individual …

Differences between individuals in behavioral type (ie animal personality) are ecologically
and evolutionarily important because they can have significant effects on fitness …