Interleukin-21 is a cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions that affect the differentiation and
function of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Since its discovery in 2000, a tremendous amount …

Abstract CD4+ T helper (Th) cells exist in a variety of epigenetic states that determine their
function, phenotype, and capacity for persistence. These polarization states include Th1 …

Evidence has increasingly shown that the lungs are a major site of immune regulation. A
robust and highly regulated immune response in the lung protects the host from pathogen …

Summary Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has broad actions on T and B cells, but its actions in innate
immunity are poorly understood. Here we show that IL-21 induced apoptosis of conventional …

T lymphocytes are key contributors to the acute phase of cerebral ischemia reperfusion
injury, but the relevant T cell–derived mediators of tissue injury remain unknown. Using a …

The pig, Sus scrofa, is a foreign species to the American continent. Although pigs originally
introduced in the Americas should be related to those from the Iberian Peninsula and …

Abstract Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has drawn significant attention due to its
suppression of immune functions in animals and even humans. In order to explore the …

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family that consists of
viruses with nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome. Infection by these viruses …

Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for the maintenance of immune homeostasis
and tolerance. During viral infections, Treg cells can limit the immunopathology resulting …

Type 2 effector production of IL-13, a demonstrated requirement in models of fibrosis, is
routinely ascribed to CD4+ Th2 cells. We now demonstrate a major role for CD8+ T cells in a …