Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Circadian rhythms are daily rhythms that regulate many biological processes–from gene
transcription to behavior–and a disruption of these rhythms can lead to a myriad of health …

The molecular circadian clocks in the mammalian retina are locally synchronized by
environmental light cycles independent of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in the brain …

Abstract Circadian (24-h) clocks are cell-autonomous biological oscillators that orchestrate
many aspects of our physiology on a daily basis. Numerous circadian rhythms in …

The mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust
circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light …

Ocular clocks, first identified in the retina, are also found in the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE), cornea, and ciliary body. The retina is a complex tissue of many cell types and …

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a single layer of cells located between the
choriocapillaris vessels and the light-sensitive photoreceptors in the outer retina. The RPE …

The basic idea behind the use of 3-dimensional (3D) tools in biomedical research is the
assumption that the structures under study will perform at the best in vitro if cultivated in an …

Background The mammalian retina contains an autonomous circadian clock that controls
various aspects of retinal physiology and function, including dopamine (DA) release by …

Mood state alterations are often accompanied by disruptions of daily rhythms of physiology.
Circadian rhythms of physiology are controlled by a central clock harbored in the …