An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, ie., an external osmolarity that
is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is …

Two-component signal transduction based on phosphotransfer from a histidine protein
kinase to a response regulator protein is a prevalent strategy for coupling environmental …

Perceiving environmental and internal information and reacting in adaptive ways are
essential attributes of living organisms. Two-component systems are relevant protein …

Two-component systems, composed of a homodimeric histidine kinase (HK) and a response
regulator (RR), are major signal transduction devices in bacteria. Typically the signal …

Trichoderma harzianum is a well-known biological control agent (BCA) that is effective
against a variety of plant pathogens. In previous studies, we found that T. harzianum T4 …

Two-component systems (TCS) are protein machineries that enable cells to respond to input
signals. Histidine kinases (HK) are the sensory component, transferring information toward …

Protein histidine kinases (PHKs) function in Two Component Signaling pathways utilized
extensively by bacteria and archaea. Many PHKs participate in three distinct, but interrelated …

It is more than 50 years since protein histidine phosphorylation was first discovered in 1962
by Boyer and co-workers; however, histidine kinases are still much less well recognized …

Azorhizobium caulinodans is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that forms root nodules on its host
legume, Sesbania rostrata. This agriculturally significant symbiotic relationship is important …

Fungal pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to sense host-relevant cues and
coordinate cellular responses, which enable virulence and drug resistance. Defining …