Classically, the basal ganglia have been considered to have a role in producing habitual
and goal-directed behaviours. In this article, we review recent evidence that expands this …

Response inhibition paradigms, as for example stop signal and go/no-go tasks, are often
used to study cognitive control processes. Because of the apparent demand to stop a motor …

Recent imaging studies in healthy controls with a conditional stop signal reaction time (RT)
task have implicated the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in response inhibition and the pre …

Recent behavioral findings with the AX-Continous Performance Task (AX-CPT; Morales et
al., 2013) show that bilinguals only outperform monolinguals under conditions that require …

Dopamine (DA) plays an essential role in the control of coordinated movements. Alterations
in DA balance in the striatum lead to pathological conditions such as Parkinson's and …

Noradrenergic dysfunction may play a significant role in cognition in Parkinson's disease
due to the early degeneration of the locus coeruleus. Converging evidence from patient and …

Anxiety is often associated with impaired cognitive control and avoidance behaviour. The
aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anxiety-related personality traits, such as …

Similar to other executive functions, inhibitory control is thought to be a dynamic process that
can be influenced by variations in task difficulty. However, little is known about how different …

Response inhibition processes are important for goal-directed behavior and particularly
demanded when it is unlikely to inhibit automatically executed responses. It has been …

Cognitive impairment is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the
nature of cognitive changes varies considerably between individuals. According to the dual …