Mangroves are ecologically and economically important forests of the tropics. They are
highly productive ecosystems with rates of primary production equal to those of tropical …

Mangrove forests have survived a number of catastrophic climate events since first
appearing along the shores of the Tethys Sea during the late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary. The …

Inter-related and spatially variable climate change factors including sea level rise, increased
storminess, altered precipitation regime and increasing temperature are impacting …

Current and future climate-related drivers of risk for small islands during the 21st century
include sea level rise (SLR), tropical and extratropical cyclones, increasing air and sea …

Aim To reassess the capacity of mangroves for ecosystem services in the light of recent data.
Location Global mangrove ecosystems. Methods We review four long‐standing roles of …

Mangroves are among the most well described and widely studied wetland communities in
the world. The greatest threats to mangrove persistence are deforestation and other …

Mangrove forests are highly productive, with carbon production rates equivalent to tropical
humid forests. Mangroves allocate proportionally more carbon belowground, and have …

Mangroves occur on upper intertidal shorelines in the tropics and subtropics. Complex
hydrodynamic and salinity conditions, related primarily to elevation and hydroperiod …

Mangroves sequester large quantities of carbon (C) that become significant sources of
greenhouse gases when disturbed through land‐use change. Thus, they are of great value …

Concerted mangrove research and rehabilitation efforts over the last several decades have
prompted a better understanding of the important ecosystem attributes worthy of protection …