The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) extends from the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II
(Pol II) as a long, repetitive and largely unstructured polypeptide chain. Throughout the …

BACKGROUND Genes correspond to single transcription units, starting from the promoter
and ending at the terminator. Terminating gene transcription is directly coupled to mRNA …

Maturation of mRNA precursors often occurs simultaneously with their synthesis by RNA
polymerase II (Pol II). The co-transcriptional nature of mRNA processing has permitted the …

Gene expression is controlled in a dynamic and regulated manner to allow for the consistent
and steady expression of some proteins as well as the rapidly changing production of other …

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is emerging as a widespread mechanism used to control
gene expression. Like alternative splicing, usage of alternative poly (A) sites allows a single …

Pre-mRNA maturation frequently occurs at the same time and place as transcription by RNA
polymerase II. The co-transcriptionality of mRNA processing has permitted the evolution of …

The smallest viable unit of life is the cell. From bacteria to mammals, all cells use the same
nucleic acid-based universal code for the maintenance and inheritance of genetic …

Abstract Polyadenylation [poly (A)] signals (PAS) are a defining feature of eukaryotic protein-
coding genes. The central sequence motif AAUAAA was identified in the mid-1970s and …

Regulation of the elongation phase of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is utilized
extensively to generate the pattern of mRNAs needed to specify cell types and to respond to …

The C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II's largest subunit undergoes dynamic
phosphorylation during transcription, and the different phosphorylation patterns that …