Abstract hERG potassium channels are essential for normal electrical activity in the heart.
Inherited mutations in the HERG gene cause long QT syndrome, a disorder that predisposes …

Voltage-gated ion channels generate electrical signals in species from bacteria to man.
Their voltage-sensing modules are responsible for initiation of action potentials and graded …

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression through deadenylation, repression, and messenger
RNA (mRNA) decay. However, the contribution of each mechanism in non-steady-state …

The mechanism of ion channel voltage gating—how channels open and close in response
to voltage changes—has been debated since Hodgkin and Huxley's seminal discovery that …

Abstract The Ca2+-activated K+ channel, Slo1, has an unusually large conductance and
contains a voltage sensor and multiple chemical sensors. Dual activation by membrane …

Abstract Voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels repolarize the action potential in neurons and
muscle. This type of channel is gated directly by membrane voltage through protein domains …

Two-pore channels (TPCs) contain two copies of a Shaker-like six-transmembrane (6-TM)
domain in each subunit and are ubiquitously expressed in both animals and plants as …

Voltage sensors regulate the conformations of voltage-dependent ion channels and
enzymes. Their nearly switchlike response as a function of membrane voltage comes from …

The ionic gradients across cell membranes generate a transmembrane voltage that
regulates the function of numerous membrane proteins such as ion channels, transporters …

In the world of membrane proteins, topology defines an important halfway house between
the amino-acid sequence and the fully folded three-dimensional structure. Although the …