Lyme borreliosis is caused by certain genospecies of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
complex, which are transmitted by hard ticks of the genus Ixodes. The most common clinical …

Lyme disease (LD) has become the most common vector-borne illness in the northern
hemisphere. The causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, is capable of establishing …

Lyme borrelosis is a multi-systemic disease caused byBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato. A
complete presentation of the disease is an extremely unusual oberservation, in which a skin …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the tick-transmitted etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis, can colonize
and persist in multiple tissue sites despite vigorous host immune responses. The …

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, and Babesia microti, a causative
agent of babesiosis, are increasingly implicated in the growing tick‐borne disease burden in …

Abstract Objective Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) may activate innate and adaptive immune
responses in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through recognition of microbial as well as …

Arthritis is one of the most prominent features of Lyme disease, the tick-borne illness caused
by Borrelia burgdorferi. Although the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis is complex and still …

Tick saliva has potent immunomodulatory properties. In arthropod-borne diseases, this effect
is largely used by microorganisms to increase their pathogenicity and to evade host immune …

Lyme arthritis, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, can be recurrent or prolonged,
whereas Lyme carditis is mostly nonrecurring. A prominent difference between arthritis and …

The appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins (CD1a, CD1b and CD1c) on maturing myeloid DC
is a key event that converts myeloid DC to effective lipid APC. Here, we show that Borrelia …