This overview is an assessment of the gyrokinetic framework and simulations to compute
turbulent transport in fusion plasmas. It covers an introduction to the gyrokinetic theory, the …

In this paper, we review the thermal plasma confinement and transport properties observed
and predicted in low aspect ratio tokamaks, or spherical tokamaks (STs), which can depart …

A new nonlinear gyro-kinetic flux tube code (GKW) for the simulation of micro instabilities
and turbulence in magnetic confinement plasmas is presented in this paper. The code …

This paper addresses non-linear gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient (ITG)
turbulence in tokamak plasmas. The electrostatic GYSELA code is one of the few …

A global plasma turbulence simulation code, ORB5, is presented. It solves the gyrokinetic
electrostatic equations including zonal flows in axisymmetric magnetic geometry. The …

Gyrokinetic field theory is addressed in the context of a general Hamiltonian. The
background magnetic geometry is static and axisymmetric and all dependence of the …

Global gyrokinetic particle simulations of collisionless trapped-electron mode turbulence in
toroidal plasmas find that electron heat transport exhibits a device size scaling with a …

Nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of microturbulence simultaneously driven by electron
temperature gradient modes, trapped electron modes, and ion temperature gradient modes …

The particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm is the most popular method for the discretisation of the
general 6D Vlasov–Maxwell problem and it is widely used also for the simulation of the 5D …

Long simulations are needed to reach a quasiequilibrium state in global gyrokinetic models
of ion temperature gradient ITG turbulence, even when global profiles of flow and …