Chronic pelvic pain is a frustrating symptom for patients with endometriosis and is frequently
refractory to hormonal and surgical management. While these therapies target ectopic …

CONTEXT: The increasing body of evidence and number of potential indications for the use
of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) in the lower urinary tract (LUT) underlines the pressing …

Background Chronic pelvic pain is a common and debilitating condition; its aetiology is
multifactorial, involving social, psychological and biological factors. The management of …

Introduction The assessment of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) overactivity is part of a
comprehensive evaluation including a detailed history (medical, gynecological …

Objective: To systematically assess benefits and harms of interventional therapies for
vulvodynia and vestibulodynia. Methods: The following databases were searched, using …

Myofascial trigger points (MTrP), or muscle “contraction knots,” of the pelvic floor may be
identified in as many as 85% of patients suffering from urological, colorectal and …

Background Myofascial pain is characterized by the presence of trigger points, tenderness to
palpation, and local or referred pain, and commonly involves the pelvic floor muscles in men …

Background Chronic pelvic pain persists in some women with endometriosis even after
lesion removal and optimized hormonal treatment. Objective Characterize the presence and …

Background Pelvic floor myofascial pain is common, but physical examination methods to
assess pelvic floor muscles are defined poorly. We hypothesized that a simple, transvaginal …

In the previous article titled,''Pathophysiology of Pelvic Floor Hypertonic Disorders'', the
pathophysiologic mechanisms of pelvic floor hypertonic dysfunction and pain were …