Evolvability is the ability of a biological system to produce phenotypic variation that is both
heritable and adaptive. It has long been the subject of anecdotal observations and …

Heat‐shock proteins (Hsps) and their cognates are primary mitigators of cell stress. With
increasingly severe impacts of climate change and other human modifications of the …

Building a genotype-phenotype-fitness map of adaptation is a central goal in evolutionary
biology. It is difficult even when adaptive mutations are known because it is hard to …

Evolution has led to a great diversity that ranges from elegant simplicity to ornate complexity.
Many complex features are often assumed to be more functional or adaptive than their …

Canalization, or phenotypic robustness in the face of environmental and genetic
perturbation, is an emergent property of living systems. Although this phenomenon has long …

Genetic perturbations that affect bacterial resistance to antibiotics have been characterized
genome-wide, but how do such perturbations interact with subsequent evolutionary …

Genetic interactions between mutations and standing polymorphisms can cause mutations
to show distinct phenotypic effects in different individuals. To characterize the genetic …

Canalization, or robustness to genetic or environmental perturbations, is fundamental to
complex organisms. While there is strong evidence for canalization as an evolved property …

Organisms rely on mutations to fuel adaptive evolution. However, many mutations impose a
negative effect on fitness. Cells may have therefore evolved mechanisms that affect the …

Protein folding both promotes and constrains adaptive evolution. We uncover this surprising
duality in the role of the protein-folding chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in …