No other environmental variable of such ecological importance to estuarine and coastal
marine ecosystems around the world has changed so drastically, in such a short period of …

The characteristics of mid-latitude shelf seas are primarily controlled by seasonal cyclicity in
wind-driven mixing. Seasonal dysoxic-anoxic conditions may occur in summer in salinity …

Nitrogen is a key element controlling the species composition, diversity, dynamics, and
functioning of many terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Many of the original …

Water masses can become undersaturated with oxygen when natural processes alone or in
combination with anthropogenic processes produce enough organic carbon that is …

Hypoxia is a mounting problem affecting the world's coastal waters, with severe
consequences for marine life, including death and catastrophic changes. Hypoxia is forecast …

Macroalgal blooms are produced by nutrient enrichment of estuaries in which the sea floor
lies within the photic zone. We review features of macroalgal blooms pointed out in recent …

Eutrophication is one of the most severe and widespread forms of disturbance affecting
coastal marine systems. Whilst there are general models of effects on benthos, such as the …

Coastal hypoxia (defined here as< 1.42 ml L− 1; 62.5 μM; 2 mg L− 1, approx. 30% oxygen
saturation) develops seasonally in many estuaries, fjords, and along open coasts as a result …

Human activities, especially increased nutrient loads that set in motion a cascading chain of
events related to eutrophication, accelerate development of hypoxia (lower oxygen …

Hypoxia affects thousands of km2 of marine waters all over the world, and has caused mass
mortality of marine animals, benthic defaunation and decline in fisheries production in many …