Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune disease which
may affect every organ and tissue. Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and the …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent and severe manifestation of SLE. Along the decades, the
epidemiology of LN and its clinical presentation have been changing. However, even …

Objective To update the 2012 EULAR/ERA–EDTA recommendations for the management of
lupus nephritis (LN). Methods Following the EULAR standardised operating procedures, a …

SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the kidneys in about 50% of patients.
Lupus nephritis is a major risk factor for overall morbidity and mortality in SLE, and despite …

In the past years, many (randomized) trials have been performed comparing the treatment
strategies for lupus nephritis. In 2012, these data were incorporated in six different …

Objectives A renal biopsy is generally recommended for diagnosis and is necessary for
classification of lupus nephritis (LN), but second biopsies after immunosuppressive therapy …

Most patients with SLE develop kidney disease related to this systemic underlying disease
process. Lupus nephritis is an important cause of morbidity and even mortality in patients …

Renal involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in the form of severe lupus
nephritis is associated with a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. Conventional …

Refractory lupus nephritis indicates an inadequate response to lupus nephritis therapy. It
implies persisting or worsening disease activity despite therapy, but the definition is …

Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common severe organ manifestations of
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). LN is associated with significant morbidity and …