The traditional complications of diabetes mellitus are well known and continue to pose a
considerable burden on millions of people living with diabetes mellitus. However, advances …

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is
produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by …

The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat
patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals …

Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major
impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress …

Mitochondrial dysfunctions are central players in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition,
impairments in mitophagy, the process of selective mitochondrial degradation by autophagy …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting about 25% of general population and
more than 50% of dysmetabolic patients, is an emerging cause of chronic liver disease and …

A wide range of comorbid diseases is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most
common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Evidence from clinical and molecular …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and accounts for
most cases of dementia. The prevalence of AD has increased in the current rapidly aging …

The critical role of primary care clinicians (PCCs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention,
diagnosis and management must evolve as new treatment paradigms and disease …

Background The brain was once thought of as an insulin-insensitive organ. We now know
that the insulin receptor is present throughout the brain and serves important functions in …