The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

The glymphatic hypothesis proposes a mechanism for extravascular transport into and out of
the brain of hydrophilic solutes unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. It suggests that there …

The choroid plexus (ChP) is the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and the primary
source of CSF. Acquired hydrocephalus, caused by brain infection or hemorrhage, lacks …

Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) promote tissue clearance and immune surveillance in
the central nervous system (CNS). Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) regulates …

Objective This study was undertaken to investigate migraine glymphatic and meningeal
lymphatic vessel (mLV) functions. Methods Migraine patients and healthy controls (HCs) …

Over the past decade there has been an enormous progress in our understanding of fluid
and solute transport in the central nervous system (CNS). This is due to a number of factors …

The anatomical routes for the clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remain incompletely
understood. However, recent evidence has given strong support for routes leading to …

The glymphatic system is a brain-wide waste drainage system that promotes cerebrospinal
fluid circulation through the brain to remove waste metabolites. Currently, the most common …

Brain fluid dynamics remains poorly understood with central issues unresolved. In this study,
we first review the literature regarding points of controversy, then pilot study if conventional …

The recent discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathways
has challenged the long-lasting dogma that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks a …