Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor
forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective …

Exosomes are a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and are
present in all body fluids. They are produced actively in tumor cells, which are released and …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activation by tryptophan (Trp) catabolites enhances tumor
malignancy and suppresses anti-tumor immunity. The context specificity of AHR target …

In the past decade, advances in the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and adoptive
cellular therapy to treat cancer by modulating the immune response have led to …

Resetting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is a promising strategy to ameliorate the
immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve innate and adaptive antitumor …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated with tryptophan
metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired …

Among the various immunological and non-immunological tumor-promoting activities of
myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), their immunosuppressive capacity remains a …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that
converts the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) into downstream catabolites known as …

BACKGROUND. Ibrutinib has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2–inducible T cell kinase (ITK). The relative …

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), monocytes and macrophages are skewed toward
protumorigenic phenotypes, including the release of tumor-supportive cytokines and the …