A jet exhausting over a plate at different distances away from the nozzle was investigated to
simulate jets exhausting over airframe surfaces and the jet-ground interaction during take-off …

The skewness of the first time derivative of a pressure waveform, or derivative skewness,
has been used previously to describe the presence of shock-like content in jet and rocket …

Results of the first formal perceptual study of jet crackle are presented. Prior studies
examined noise waveform properties believed to be linked to the jet crackle percept from a …

Jets with Mach numbers $ M\gtrsim 1.5$ are well known to emit an intense, fricative, so-
called crackle sound, having steep compressions interspersed with weaker expansions that …

Mach wave radiation and crackle are dominant noise components from high-speed jets,
found in both high-power engines and scale nozzles. The statistics of the pressure signal …

In futuristic high-speed aircraft, jets in propulsion systems that are closely integrated with the
aircraft would have to be exhausted over airframe surfaces. Also, during military take-off and …

We present a study of three-stream nozzle concepts with potential to reduce takeoff noise of
future commercial supersonic aircraft. The concepts were evaluated at realistic cycle …

Crackle, the impulsive quality sometimes present in supersonic jet noise, has traditionally
been defined in terms of the pressure waveform skewness. However, recent work has …

The noise produced by supersonic, high temperature jets that exhaust from military aircraft is
becoming more of a disturbance. Methods to reduce the noise produced from these jets in a …

Sound waves generated by erupting volcanoes can be used to infer important source
dynamics, yet acoustic source‐time functions may be distorted during propagation, even at …