Since the pioneering works of Berg and Purcell, discriminating between diffusion followed
by binding has played a central role in understanding cell signaling. B cell receptors (BCR) …

The interaction of the T-cell receptor (TCR) with a peptide in the major histocompatibility
complex (pMHC) plays a central role in the adaptive immunity of higher chordates. Due to …

T cell receptors (TCRs) play crucial roles in regulating T cell response by rapidly and
accurately recognizing foreign and non-self antigens. The process involves multiple …

On the T-cell surface the TCR is the only molecule that senses antigen, and the engagement
of TCR with its specific antigenic peptide (agonist)/MHC complex (pMHC) is determined by …

Effector T cells need to form immunological synapses (IS) with recognized target cells to
elicit cytolytic effects. Facilitating IS formation is the principal pharmacological action of most …

Understanding kinetic control of biological processes is as important as identifying
components that constitute pathways. Insulin signaling is central for almost all metazoans …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of
hematologic malignancies and have potentials for solid tumor treatment. To overcome …

Affinity maturation is an evolutionary process by which the affinity of antibodies (Abs) against
specific antigens (Ags) increases through rounds of B-cell proliferation, somatic …

To perform their functions in the environment, and in cell collectives, living cells require
sensing of external molecular environment via cell surface receptors. In recent years …

Adaptive immune responses depend on interactions between T cell receptors (TCRs) and
peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands located on the surface of T cells …