Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the
pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose …

Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are known to be associated with the development
of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between oxidative …

Fat accumulation outside subcutaneous adipose tissue often has unfavourable effects on
systemic metabolism. In addition to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which has received …

Oxidative stress has been considered as a major hallmark for the pathogenesis and
development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but still it is debatable whether it is a mere …

Chronic exposure of glucose rich environment creates several physiological and
pathophysiological changes. There are several pathways by which hyperglycemia …

Excessive accumulation of lipids can lead to lipotoxicity, cell dysfunction and alteration in
metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas …

Insulin resistance in muscle and liver and-cell failure represent the core pathophysiologic
defects in type 2 diabetes. It now is recognized that the-cell failure occurs much earlier and …

High dietary fructose is a major contributor to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome,
disturbing tissue and organ functions. Fructose is mainly absorbed into systemic circulation …

Fatty acids are involved in several metabolic processes, including the development of
metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In recent years a disease that has received …

Background Although the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells are quite capable of adapting
to both acute and chronic changes in metabolic demand, persistently high demand for …