The evolutionary origins of sleep and its sub-states, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-
REM (NREM) sleep, found in mammals and birds, remain a mystery. Although the discovery …

The Southern Hemisphere differs from the Northern Hemisphere in many aspects. However,
most ecological and evolutionary research is conducted in the Northern Hemisphere and its …

Sleep is one of the few truly ubiquitous animal behaviours, and though many animals spend
enormous periods of time asleep, we have only begun to understand the consequences of …

Sleep replay activity involves the reactivation of brain structures with patterns similar to those
observed during waking behavior. In this study, we demonstrate that adult male canaries …

During sleep, sporadically, it is possible to find neural patterns of activity in areas of the
avian brain that are activated during the generation of the song. It has recently been found …

Sleep is critical for memory consolidation and consists of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid
eye movement (REM) sleep cycles. During SWS, the neural activity patterns from awake …

Birds are an animal model widely studied in the field of vocal production. They have
generated great interest due to the similarities with the human case regarding their physical …