Estrogen plays a fundamental role in skeletal growth and bone homeostasis in both men
and women. Although remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of how …

Osteoporosis develops when the rate of osteoclastic bone breakdown (resorption) exceeds
that of osteoblastic bone formation, which leads to loss of BMD and deterioration of bone …

Chronic inflammatory processes close to bone often lead to loss of bone in diseases such as
rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, loosened joint prosthesis and tooth implants. This is …

Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research field which combines the existing fields of
osteology (bone biology) and immunology under one umbrella. The observation that …

Although it has long been recognized that inflammation, a consequence of immune‐driven
processes, significantly impacts bone turnover, the degree of centralization of skeletal and …

IL-17–producing CD27− γδ cells (γδ27− cells) are widely viewed as innate immune cells
that make critical contributions to host protection and autoimmunity. However, factors that …

Objective. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflam-matory cytokine that is involved in
immunologically mediated tissue damage, but its bioactivity is regulated in vivo by its soluble …

Recent evidence has implicated interleukin-7 (IL-7) as a master regulator of T-cell
homeostasis, based upon its essential role in the homeostatic expansion of naive T-cell …

IL-7, a powerful lymphopoietic cytokine, is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and known
to induce bone loss when administered in vivo. IL-7 has been suggested to induce bone …

In unstimulated conditions osteoclast renewal occurs as a result of the stromal cell
production of the key osteoclastogenic factors, receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL) …