Pregnancy is a unique type of immunological process. Healthy pregnancy is associated with
a series of inflammatory events: implantation (inflammation), gestation (anti-inflammation) …

At implantation, the embryo expresses paternally derived alloantigens and evokes
inflammation that can threaten reproductive success. To ensure a robust placenta and …

This review concentrates on 2 consequences of cesarean deliveries that may occur in a
subsequent pregnancy. They are the pathologically adherent placenta and the cesarean …

Chronic endometritis (CE) is a local inflammatory disease characterized by unusual
plasmacyte infiltration in the endometrial stromal areas. CE has been neglected in …

Background Endometrial scratching (with the use of a pipelle biopsy) is a technique
proposed to facilitate embryo implantation and increase the probability of pregnancy in …

BACKGROUND Obesity has now been recognized as a high-risk factor for reproductive
health. Although remarkable advancements have been made in ART, a considerable …

Macrophages (MФs) are the leukocytes produced from differentiation of monocytes and are
located in almost all tissues of human body. They are involved in various processes, such as …

Objective To determine, by evaluation of histological slides, images and descriptions of early
(second‐trimester) placenta accreta (EPA) and placental implantation in cases of Cesarean …

Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is determined when embryos of good quality fail to
implant following several in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycles. Implantation failure is …

Mechanical endometrial injury (biopsy/scratch or hysteroscopy) in the cycle preceding
ovarian stimulation for IVF has been proposed to improve implantation in women with …