Abstract Antarctic and Southern Ocean (ASO) marine ecosystems have been changing for at
least the last 30 years, including in response to increasing ocean temperatures and changes …

Studies have documented climate change–induced shifts in species distributions but
uncertainties associated with data and methods are typically unexplored. We reviewed 240 …

Climate change challenges organisms to adapt or move to track changes in environments in
space and time. We used two measures of thermal shifts from analyses of global …

Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine
ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of …

We review the evidence of how organisms and populations are currently responding to
climate change through phenotypic plasticity, genotypic evolution, changes in distribution …

Determining organismal responses to climate change is one of biology's greatest
challenges. Recent forecasts for future climates emphasize altered temperature variation …

The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and adjacent Scotia Sea support abundant wildlife
populations, many of which were nearly extirpated by humans. This region is also among …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Although Antarctic sea ice is undergoing a slight increase in overall extent, major regional
changes are occurring in its spatio-temporal characteristics (most notably in sea ice …

The occurrence and causes of abrupt transitions, thresholds, or regime shifts between
ecosystem states are of great concern and the likelihood of such transitions is increasing for …