The occurrence of microorganisms has been confirmed in the tumor microenvironment
(TME) of many different organs. Microorganisms (eg, phage, virus, bacteria, fungi, and …

Highlights•The inducible caspase-9 safety switch is designed to increase the safety of
immunotherapy.•It is based on the fusion of human proteins and non-immunogenicity.• …

Abstract “Tumor chemosensitivity” can be achieved by the expression of the herpes simplex
virus thymidine kinase gene in cells, followed by the conversion of the “prodrug” ganciclovir …

By 2030, the global incidence of cancer is expected to increase by approximately 50%.
However, most conventional therapies still lack cancer selectivity, which can have severe …

The gap junction (GJ) protein connexin-43 (Cx43) is considered as a tumour suppressor
protein for its role in reversing the phenotype of the cancer cells. In this study, we exploited …

Pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based cell therapy is an attractive concept for
neurodegenerative diseases, but can lead to tumor formation. This is particularly relevant as …

Cytosine is one of the four letters of a standard genetic code, found both in DNA and in RNA.
This heterocyclic base can be converted into uracil upon the action of the well-known …

Exogenous enzyme-activated prodrug therapy (EPT) is a potential cancer treatment strategy
that delivers non-human enzymes into or on the surface of the cell and subsequently …

Suicide gene therapy involves introducing viral or bacterial genes into tumor cells, which
enables the conversion of a nontoxic prodrug into a toxic‐lethal drug. The application of the …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy is a method directing T lymphocytes against
antigens on the surface of tumors, increasing target cell elimination. Genetic engineering …