Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, whose interactions can be
described by a local SU (3) gauge symmetry with charges called “color quantum numbers” …

We summarize the ongoing scientific program of the 12 GeV Continuous Electron Beam
Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and give an outlook into future opportunities. The program …

This article reviews our current understanding of how the internal quark structure of a
nucleon bound in nuclei differs from that of a free nucleon. The interpretation of …

This White Paper presents the science case of an Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), focused on the
structure and interactions of gluon-dominated matter, with the intent to articulate it to the …

The atomic nucleus is one of the densest and most complex quantum-mechanical systems
in nature. Nuclei account for nearly all the mass of the visible Universe. The properties of …

We present an overview of low-momentum two-nucleon and many-body interactions and
their use in calculations of nuclei and infinite matter. The softening of phenomenological and …

Various kinds of isovector nucleon effective masses are used in the literature to characterize
the momentum/energy dependence of the nucleon symmetry potential or self-energy due to …

High-energy electron scattering is a clean, precise probe for measurements of hadronic and
nuclear structure and plays a key role in understanding the role of high-momentum nucleons …

While mean-field approximations, such as the nuclear shell model, provide a good
description of many bulk nuclear properties, they fail to capture the important effects of …

When protons and neutrons (nucleons) are bound into atomic nuclei, they are close enough
to feel significant attraction, or repulsion, from the strong, short-distance part of the nucleon …