Ever since Akkermansia muciniphila was discovered and characterized two decades ago,
numerous studies have shown that the lack or decreased abundance of this commensal …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are key players in ensuring a peaceful coexistence with
microorganisms and food antigens at intestinal borders. Startling new information has …

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are important for tumor antigen–specific T cell
generation and effective anticancer immune responses. However, TDLNs are often the …

Intestinal barriers play a crucial role in human physiology, both in homeostatic and
pathological conditions. Disruption of the intestinal barrier is a significant factor in the …

Metabolic disease is a worldwide epidemic that has become a public health problem. Gut
microbiota is considered to be one of the important factors that maintain human health by …

Therapeutic options for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are very limited, and the
prognosis using combination therapy with a chemotherapeutic drug and a targeted agent …

T cells that encounter self-antigens after exiting the thymus avert autoimmunity through
peripheral tolerance. Pathways for this include an unresponsive state known as anergy …

Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease involving variable airflow limitations, exhibits two
phenotypes: eosinophilic and neutrophilic. The asthma phenotype must be considered …

The adaptive T cell response is accompanied by continuous rewiring of the T cell's electric
and metabolic state. Ion channels and nutrient transporters integrate bioelectric and …

Connexin-mediated intercellular communication mechanisms include bidirectional cell-to-
cell coupling by gap junctions and release/influx of molecules by hemichannels. These …