Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

The word “glia” is derived from the Greek word “γλoια,” glue of the enteric nervous system,
and for many years, enteric glial cells (EGCs) were believed to provide mainly structural …

Different studies have confirmed that P2X purinergic receptors play a key role in
inflammation. Activation of P2X purinergic receptors can release inflammatory cytokines and …

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Sixth Edition, a Two-Volume set, covers the study of
the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of the GI Tract by linking clinical disease …

Fluorescent Ca2+ indicators have been essential for the analysis of Ca2+ signaling events
in various cell types. We showed that chemical Ca2+ indicators, but not a genetically …

Enterochromaffin (EC) cells synthesize 95% of the body 5-HT and release 5-HT in response
to mechanical or chemical stimulation. EC cell 5-HT has physiological effects on gut motility …

Visceral pain (VP) is caused by internal organ disease. VP is involved in nerve conduction
and related signaling molecules, but its specific pathogenesis has not yet been fully …

In the nervous system, ATP is co-stored in vesicles with classical transmitters and released
in a regulated manner. ATP from the intracellular compartment can also exit the cell through …

Many factors are involved in the development of cancer pain, which is a serious
complication of cancer and affects the quality of life of patients, Normally, drugs are used to …

The etiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is complicated and
closely related to neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Developing new …