Antibody fragments for which the sequence is available are suitable for straightforward
engineering and expression in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. When produced as …

In recent years, computational methods have garnered much attention in protein
engineering. A large number of computational methods have been developed to analyze the …

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of a growing number of human disorders and constitutes a
major bottleneck in the manufacturing of therapeutic proteins. Therefore, there is a strong …

In this work an electrochemical immunosensor for the toxic microalgae Alexandrium
minutum (A. minutum AL9T) detection is described. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was …

We present an in silico mutagenetic protocol for improving the binding affinity of single
domain antibodies (or nanobodies, VHHs). The method iteratively attempts random …

Affinity maturation and rational design have a raised importance in the application of
nanobody (VHH), and its unique structure guaranteed these processes quickly done in vitro …

The high binding affinities and specificities of antibodies have led to their use as drugs and
biosensors. Single-domain VHH antibodies exhibit high specificity and affinity but have …

Nanobodies offer a viable alternative to antibodies for engineering high affinity binders.
Their small size has an additional advantage: it allows exploiting computational protocols for …

In vivo clinical applications of nanobodies (VHHs) require molecules that induce minimal
immunoresponse and therefore possess sequences as similar as possible to the human VH …

Background Proteins are used as reagents in a broad range of scientific fields. The reliability
and reproducibility of experimental data will largely depend on the quality of the …