Selfing, the fusion of male and female gametes from a single genetic individual or colony, is
possible in many plants and also in hermaphrodite animals. We review the occurrence of …

Cleistogamy—the production of open (chasmogamous—CH) and closed (cleistogamous—
CL) floral forms by a species—is widespread among the angiosperms. While the CL flower …

The amounts of inbreeding depression upon selfing and of heterosis upon outcrossing
determine the strength of selection on the selfing rate in a population when this evolves …

Many functional-ecological, morphological, and physiological-factors affect the occurrence
of selffertilization. Six modes of self-pollination are distinguished. These differ in whether …

A bimodal distribution of outcrossing rates was observed for natural plant populations, with
more primarily selfing and primarily outcrossing species, and fewer species with …

Immobility complicates mating by angiosperms because the transfer of male gametes
between individuals requires pollen vectors. Although abiotic and biotic vectors can …

There is now compelling evidence of a reduction of pollinator richness and density at a
global scale. In this opinion article, we argue that such pollinator decline intensifies pollen …

The consequences of selfing were examined for a population of self‐compatible,
protandrous, Sabatia angularis L.(Gentianaceae). Field‐collected plants were hand …

Dispersal affects species' ability to move or adapt in response to environmental change.
Successful long‐distance dispersal also requires reproduction in areas with few mates, thus …

The repeated evolutionary transition from outcrossing to self‐pollination in flowering plants
has been suggested to occur because selfing provides reproductive assurance. Reports …