Relapsing fever was known to the physicians of ancient Greece and possibly to those of an
earlier civilization in Egypt (92, 180). Extensive epidemics of louse-borne relaps-ing fever …

Lyme disease, unknown in the United States two decades ago, is now the most common
arthropod-borne disease in the country and has caused considerable morbidity in several …

Many pathogens, such as the agents of West Nile encephalitis and plague, are maintained
in nature by animal reservoirs and transmitted to humans by arthropod vectors. Efforts to …

In vitro cultivation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme spirochetosis, allows
for the isolation and growth of this bacterium from infected tissues. However, continuous …

Human pathogenic spirochetes causing Lyme disease belong to the Borrelia burgdorferi
sensu lato complex. Borrelia burgdorferi organisms are extracellular pathogens transmitted …

The genetics of spirochetes, a division of eubacteria, has been little studied. Double-
stranded linear plasmids were found in Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease. A 49 …

Lyme borreliosis is a tick‐borne infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi,
whose discovery in 1982 solved an aetiological mystery involving a variety of dcrmatological …

Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in North America and
Europe, yet we know little about which components of the causative agent, Borrelia …

Chronic Lyme arthritis that is unresponsive to antibiotic therapy is associated with an
increased frequency of the HLA-DR4 specificity. To determine whether the immune …

The pathogenic spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi contains a set of integral membrane proteins
which were selectively extracted into the detergent phase upon solubilization of intact B …