Fibrosis progression in the lung commonly results in impaired functional gas exchange,
respiratory failure, or even death. In addition to the aberrant activation and differentiation of …

Asthma is a T lymphocyte–controlled disease of the airway wall caused by inflammation,
overproduction of mucus and airway wall remodeling leading to bronchial hyperreactivity …

Airway remodeling comprises the structural changes of airway walls, induced by repeated
injury and repair processes. It is characterized by the changes of tissue, cellular, and …

Amphiregulin (AREG) is a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a widely
expressed transmembrane tyrosine kinase. AREG is synthesized as a membrane-anchored …

The lungs present a challenging immunological dilemma for the host. Anatomically
positioned at the environmental interface, they are constantly exposed to antigens …

It is now established that airway smooth muscle (ASM) has roles in determining airway
structure and function, well beyond that as the major contractile element. Indeed, changes in …

Respiratory diseases are frequently characterised by epithelial injury, airway inflammation,
defective tissue repair, and airway remodelling. This may occur in a subacute or chronic …

Airway epithelium plays an important role as the first barrier from external pathogens,
including bacteria, viruses, chemical substances, and allergic components. Airway epithelial …

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently recognized, immune-mediated disease
characterized clinically by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and histologically by …

Mast cells are major effector cells of inflammation and there is strong evidence that mast
cells play a significant role in asthma pathophysiology. There is also a growing body of …